Using Patent Statistics as Competition Indicators in the Biotechnology Sectors: an Application to France, Germany and the U.k. By

In order to formulate firm, national or regional technology policy, it is necessary to have indicators that can measure technological competence. This paper develops a set of indicators using patent statistics to measure the competitive positions of firms or nations. These indicators are then applied to the patent applications in France, Germany and the U.K. in the biotechnology sectors. The paper shows that France is lagging behind Germany and the U.K. in technology stocks (or its patent applications) in all biotechnology fields. However it is the leader in the technology network supporting the foods industry. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, foods, chemicals, cell culture and biocatalysis. Germany is leading in many sectors, but in all sectors in which it is a leader, it is a specialized leader, i.e. its technology networks need to be developed more. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in all sectors except genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and cell culture. The U.K. is the leader in the important field of genetic engineering and in terms of the entire technology networks in the biotechnology sectors. It has a comparative advantage in terms of either technology stock counts or networks in genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and purification. Please address your correspondence to: Shyama V. Ramani, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universite Pierre Mendes France, BP 47, 38070 Grenoble cedex 9, France.